加强农作物种子质量监督抽查 保证用种安全和规范经营行为

近年来,由于种子市场竞争激烈,种子质量纠纷案件有所上升,以次充好、假冒伪劣种子案件时有发生,扰乱了种子市场秩序,危害了农业生产安全,增加了社会的不稳定因素。因此,加强农作物种子的监督抽查,防止不合格种子流入市场,确保农业生产安全和社会稳定具有重要意义。     

不同施肥措施对灰枣园土壤速效养分含量的影响

为了探讨灰枣生长期内不同施肥处理措施对枣园土壤速效养分含量的影响情况,于2014年3月采用不施肥、常规施肥和施用不同种类生物肥共3大类9种处理进行田间试验,并于同年7~10月在灰枣不同生长期测定了各处理区域土壤中的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质这4种养分的含量,研究了不同施肥处理下灰枣不同成熟期土壤各养分的动态变化情况。结果表明,不同处理、不同成熟期土壤各养分含量间均有差异,施用生物肥可以显著提高土壤中各养分的含量。     

信阳市主要野生水产动物重金属含量分析及质量安全评价

测定了信阳市主要野生水产动物Cd、Cr、Pb、As和Hg的含量,并根据单因子污染指数评价法对信阳市主要野生水产动物的品质进行质量安全评价。结果表明,8种信阳市主要野生水产动物的所有样品中均检出Pb和Cr,但均未检出Cd和Hg。在鲫鱼、鲤鱼、青虾和克氏原螯虾中检出As,检出率分别为60%、65.5%、55%和50%。单因子污染指数评价法表明,8种信阳市主要野生水产动物均受到不同程度的Pb污染,鲤鱼和鲫鱼受到了轻度的As污染。     

2000－2010年中国退牧还草工程区生态系统宏观结构和质量及其动态变化

本研究以生态学理论为基础，以空间信息技术为支撑，基于遥感数据、气象数据和地面观测数据，通过多源数据融合、生态模型模拟和尺度转换手段，分析中国退牧还草综合治理工程区2000－2010年生态系统宏观结构和质量的时空分布及变化趋势，探讨生态系统变化的自然和人文驱动机制，为退牧还草工程的生态成效评估提供理论依据。研究结果表明，1）2000－2010年，草地生态系统面积保持平稳，生态系统宏观结构稳定，但局部区域仍存在草地与农田、湿地和荒漠间的相互转化；2）研究区草地退化趋势已得到初步遏制，植被覆盖度略有增长，叶面积指数略呈波动式增加，净初级生产力呈显著上升，草地植被呈现恢复转好态势，生态系统总体质量有所提高，生态环境向良性演变；3）研究区生态状况具有空间差异性，总体转好，局部变差，各亚区整体水平排序为内蒙古东部退化草原治理区＞青藏高原江河源退化草原治理区＞新疆退化草原治理区＞蒙甘宁西部退化草原治理区；4）退牧还草工程的实施有利于草地保护，气候暖湿化促进植被生长与恢复，人类活动干扰局部地区生态系统，三者共同影响研究区总体生态状况。     

彩色茧（金黄色）新品种金秋×初日永康试养初报

家蚕新品种金秋×初日除具有天然金黄色蚕茧性状外，其它各项经济性状与对照种秋丰×白玉相仿。但在气候比较恶劣的环境下，金秋×初日明显的表现出强健性高，发病率低，是一对能适合适度规模化省力化饲养，特别是在饲养条件比较差的环境下取得稳产的优良品种。     

东北大豆种质群体在克山的表现及其潜在的育种意义

东北是我国大豆的主要生态区,克山是东北北部重要产区。本研究于2012-2014年,以搜集到的东北地区各单位现存的361份大豆地方品种和育成品种作为东北现存的本地种质,观察该群体在克山地区的表现,研究其在克山的潜在育种意义。获得以下主要结果:(1)东北大豆种质群体平均表现为全生育期133 d(103.8~157.0 d)、蛋白质含量39.69%(35.6%~44.38%)、油脂含量20.58%(17.47%~22.84%)、蛋脂总量60.27%(54.00%~63.97%)、百粒重17.61 g(6.13~28.17 g)、株高约96 cm(54.92~146.8 cm)、主茎19节(11.23~25.83)、分枝2.75个(0.22~7.63)、倒伏2级左右(1.00~4.00);(2)当地适合熟期组为MG 0和MG I,各性状的平均值与群体平均相近,其它熟期组在当地的表现与之不同。MG 000和MG 00的生育天数集中在110~120 d,比当地无霜期早约10~20 d,不能充分利用当地的自然条件;而品质性状表现则略优于MG 0和MG I,特别是油脂含量和蛋脂总量分别高约1%、1.5%;株高、节数均低于MG 0和MG I,分别低约10~40 cm、2~8节。MG II的生育天数在当地高达150 d,不能稳定正常成熟,不适合当地种植;品质性状表现低于当地品种水平,特别是蛋白质、蛋脂总量均低约2%,油脂低约0.5%;而株高、节数高于当地品种,分别高约10 cm、2节,倒伏程度则高达3级。MG III在克山不能正常成熟,导致其它性状表达不正常,生长量和倒伏度增加;(3)根据各农艺品质性状在克山表现的遗传进度估计,虽然油脂和蛋白质含量相对小些,但均有一定的改良潜力。克山地区利用东北大豆资源育成了许多适于东北北部的优异品种,体现了东北种质的重要作用。根据当地品种的表现,从供试的东北资源中提出了各农艺、品质性状改良可用的亲本品种名单,供育种工作者参考。     

Heavy Metals Residues in Soil,Feed and Beef of the Cattle Industry in Yili area of Xinjiang

In order to understand the situation of heavy metal residues of the beef industry chain in Yili area of Xinjiang.The heavy metals (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) in soil, feed and beef of the cattle farm were determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry.The results showed that the heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd)contents in soil samples were 0.03-0.20, 3.87-8.30, 0.15-0.23, 0.09-0.48 and 0.41-0.86 mg/kg, respectively.The heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in feed samples were 3.01-18.09, 75.35-94.27, 19.65-24.37, 0.06-1.04 and 1.81-8.46 μg/kg, respectively.The heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in beef samples were 0.23-0.54, 1.22-7.12, 0.28-0.53, 0.01-0.27 and 0.02-0.03 μg/kg, respectively.The correlation coefficient of the heavy metal element between soil and feed, feed and beef, soil and beef were 0.96, 0.99 and 0.98, respectively.It was concluded that the heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in soil, feed and beef of the cattle farms in Yili area did not exceed the standard and that in the soil, feed and beef had the high correlations.     

Determination and Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in the Soil from Beef Cattle Farms in Three Regions of Xinjiang

In order to study and evaluate the feeding environment of the beef cattle farms in Xinjiang, the contents of heavy mentals in the soil from 8 beef cattle farms in Xinjiang Aksu, Yili and Tacheng regions were tested according to the Field of Livestock and Poultry Environment Quality Standard (NY/T 388—1999).The atomic absorption spectroscopic method was used to determine the contents of As, Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr.The mean contents of As, Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr in 8 beef cattle farms soil were 0.389, 0.568, 22.708, 0.573 and 149.449 mg/kg, respectively, and they were all below the upper limit of NY/T 388—1999.The comprehensive heavy metal pollution index of 8 beef cattle farms were 0.577 to 0.994, and the index were 0.7 to 1 of two observation points in Yili and one observation point in Tacheng.The soil environment quality of these 3 farms were at the level of slight cleaning.The comprehensive heavy metal pollution index of other five observation points were ≤0.7, the soil environment was in a clean level.The soil environment of beef cattle farms in these three regions conformed to the standards of livestock for environment quality and safe products.     

Research Progress on Influence Factors of Mutton Quality

Meat quality means the characteristics such as appearance is related to palatability in fresh meat or manufactured meat, it includes meat color, meat structure, hardness, marbling, water holding capacity and so on.The physical characteristics of mutton quality determines the consumer acceptability of meat and there is a close relationship between chemical composition of mutton quality and nutrient substance.With the improvement of living standards, consumers are increasingly high demand for mutton.From quantitative to qualitative change, we need to continuously improve mutton quality.At present, the production of high quality animal products has become a hot topic.This paper is a summary of the effects of breed, gender, age, environment and feed nutrition on mutton quality, and aims to provide a scientific basis for improving of mutton quality with nutritional regulation measures.     

Effect of energy and protein levels on performance,egg quality,and nutrient digestibility of laying pigeons

A total of 3,240 female Taisheng pigeons at 40 wk age were fed 9 diets containing 3 ME levels (2,630, 2,770, and 2,940 kcal/kg) and 3 CP levels (14.0, 15.0, and 16.0%) in a factorial arrangement. These diets were fed to investigate the effects of ME and CP on performance, egg quality, and nutrient digestibility. Female pigeons were housed under the same managerial conditions and randomly assigned into 9 treatments (6 replicates of 60 birds each). Two female–female paired pigeons housed in one cage were under a 16L:8D lighting cycle. Feed in pellet form and water were provided for ad libitum consumption. The study lasted 12 wk. As dietary ME level increased from 2,630 to 2,940 kcal/kg, BW, egg production, and apparent DM, crude fat (CF), and phosphorus (i.e., P) digestibilities increased (P < 0.05), feed intake decreased (P < 0.05), and feed conversion efficiency increased (P < 0.05). Increasing the level of dietary protein from 14 to 16% resulted in an increased (P < 0.05) BW, shell percentage, length of the major axis, and DM digestibility. Therefore, dietary ME had a greater influence on the performance of Taisheng laying pigeons than did dietary protein.